Save the children! Save the books! - China's corruption record（救救孩子！救救课本！——中国腐败录）

Recently, the tao main text, illustrations Feng, 1932 edition of "enlightened national language textbook," reprinted in this city to sell off, even the Press, no goods. Same series of reprints of old books on the Internet received a harvest, causing many students and parents hot. "Enlightened national language textbook," and "World Bookstore Mandarin Reader" and "Business Mandarin textbook", the Shanghai Science and Technology Literature Press, 2005 reprint. The former 1949 version were printed more than four times.
Parents, the buzz is simple: Why are the students that like 78 years ago, textbooks, do not like the current textbooks? The answer is simple: the Republic of language teaching materials closer to the children's psychological, that arouse their sympathy, and the existing material is high above, over the age of the children received, of which there are some contrived and false.
    Not so much the choice of parents and children is the education administrative department of the spur, as it is to the current textbook authors of a slap in the face. Of course, the present authors will feel aggrieved, it should be drawn because of this slap in the face to the ideology of education as a tool those in power face.
    After new China was founded, there have been many reform language textbooks, although less and less political overtones, but remains high above the sermon, which is caused by material failure of a root cause.
    Our primary school textbooks often teach children to love the motherland, but the child does not understand the "great country" really means. Children really curious about the world around him, this time, need to teach children is to love father and mother, love those around us, to learn how to get along with others. Teach a child something he can understand, he will naturally grow up to understand what a great country, how great love for the motherland. As the saying goes: There is no ego, how big I am?
    The current situation is: children were young, we taught him to love the motherland and the great truths that, to their grown up, we need to drive around brush on hand, "Do not spit", "to honor their parents," This slogan , widely advertised these from an early age should know the truth. Ruo all of the adult world, how it all like still living in the kindergarten. So there is a debate that famous comic - speed skating team Zhou Yang of China, Vancouver in 2010 after winning thank the parents, should not be surprised to be considered. Human relations is not disobedient to thank the parents! Even the parents do not thank people, how can thank the motherland! ?
    Another example, also is a Republican version of the "new electoral Mandarin Reading" an article "Two questions about the letter." The text reads: "Ping of: President often says to us, retreat to abide by the order, should be polite. But some people say, order, courtesy, is bound free stuff. According to your opinion, what should do?"Between the lines have on the child's respect, and encourage them to discuss the equality of ideas. The new textbooks tend to doubt the tone of wording, did not give the children the opportunity to stay more involved in discussions.
    So you can see that the street signs posted in various high-handed, you know where the source. Do not learn from an early age of equality and respect, so that people grow up, especially the person has the right job, the situation will be worse.
    Experts had noted that the existing language textbooks exist, "the four missing", that is, the absence of the classic children's lack of perspective, lack of pleasure and the absence of facts. In my opinion there is a more significant loss. 1960 Fengyang weapons stores have a doctor named Wang Shansheng commune. The great famine that time comes, many people suffer from an unusual disease that Dr. Wang commune cadres please think of a way, he looked at, say can not cure, because "less blindly medicine." And that herbs are food. Decades later, in the Chinese education also has a disease that long treatment, because medicine is less blindly, this herb is common sense. Common sense! This is the biggest missing. Common sense need to defend it?Course requirements. But before the defense, let us face the common sense, do not trample on common sense right?
    In fact, in 2003, Mr. Qian Liqun professor at Beijing University had published a monograph, "On the outside of language education", the book is the first "to" man "as the center." Qian Liqun that "the process of language education, the students listening, speaking, reading and writing abilities, ultimately is to promote the mental health of students grow up healthy development of personality as a starting point and destination of education, rather than to nurture students into thinking the slave of others, according to the will of others to speak, writing tools. "Unfortunately, our education seems to be going in the opposite direction. We are currently the standard of language courses is to languages of the tools of the loss of humanistic considerations. The goal is not to train citizens to become self-improvement, but the builder - is highly symbolic materialization of "screws."
    Now the primary language teaching, in any case should be let go control, provided that a free press stage for a variety of educational society organizations of the best writers, educators, psychologists, publishers, and deep knowledge to joint preparation of the outstanding scholars . Education authorities only need to organize an expert committee to carry out various publications on fair and reasonable assessment and recommendations, but not now just the opposite. Government do not do, this particular course.
    This year a new book "Save the children: primary school language teaching critical," a book title page, recorded Kant's famous statement: "parents educate their children, they usually just let them adapt to the current world - even if it is a fallen world . "Indeed, the" adaptation "is a widespread reality, but a good teacher to tell the children of this world," Fallen ", where the fall, why fall, otherwise, it is self-deception!
   This highly integrated a number of articles on without one by one note cited.

    Tao (1894-1988) of famous contemporary educator, writer, Editor and Publisher, and social activist, a great master of modern education, to reform and development of modern materials made an indelible contribution. He advocated the purpose of basic education is to develop all-round development of qualified citizens. Repeatedly pointed out his old age, national modernization, there is in education, and basic education in primary schools; primary school teachers for their hard work the whole society should be respected.

（译者；谷歌翻译)(作者；赵普）
（本文转载自新浪博客；http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_598120640100nahb.html?tj=1）

 近日，叶圣陶主文、丰子恺插画、1932年版《开明国语课本》重印本卖断市了，连出版社都没货。同期重印的老课本系列在网上收获好评一片，引起不少学生和家长热议。《开明国语课本》，还有《世界书局国语读本》和《商务国语教科书》，是上海科学技术文献出版社2005年重印的。前者在1949年前共印了四十余版次。

    家长们热议的话题很简单：为什么现在的学生会那么喜欢78年前的课本，却不喜欢现行的课本？答案也很简单：民国语文教材更贴近孩子们的心理，更能引起他们的共鸣，而现行教材则高高在上，超过了孩子们的接受年龄，其中还有一些做作和虚伪的东西。

    与其说家长和孩子的选择是对教育行政部门的鞭策，还不如说是给现行教材编写者一记响亮的耳光。当然，现行编写者一定会觉得委屈，因这耳光实在应该抽向将教育当作意识形态工具的主政者脸上。

    新中国成立之后，语文课本有过多次改革，虽然其中的政治意味越来越淡，但高高在上的说教依然存在，这是造成教材失败的一个根本原因。

    我们的小学课本经常教导孩子们要爱祖国，但是小孩子并不能理解“伟大祖国”的真正含义。小孩子真正好奇的是他周围的世界，这个时候，最需要教给孩子的是要爱爸爸妈妈、爱身边的人，要学会怎样与人相处。小时候教好了他能够理解的东西，长大后他自然能理解什么是伟大的祖国，应该怎样热爱伟大的祖国。正所谓：没有小我，何来大我？

    而现在的状况是：孩子还小的时候，我们教育他要热爱祖国这样的大道理，到他们长大成人，我们反倒要到处刷上“不要随地吐痰”、“要孝敬父母”这样的标语，广而告之这些从小就应该懂得的道理。偌众的成人世界，怎么看都像是还生活在幼儿园里。所以就有了那次著名的滑稽争论——中国速滑队员周洋在2010年温哥华冬奥会夺冠后感谢父母，居然被认为不应该。不感谢父母才是人伦悖逆！连父母都不感谢的人，怎么可能感谢祖国！？

    再比如，同样是民国版的《新选国语读本》有篇《两个疑问的信》。课文这样写：“平之：先生时常对我们说，进退要守秩序，应对要有礼貌。但是也有人说，秩序，礼貌，是束缚自由的东西。照你看来，究竟应该怎样呢？”字里行间有对孩子的尊重，并鼓励他们进行讨论的平等思想。而新教材则往往以不容置疑的口吻行文，没给孩子们留更多参与讨论的机会。

    所以你看现在大街上张贴的种种霸道标语，就会知道源头在哪儿了。从小就没有学会平等和尊重，等这个人长大了，特别是这个人有职有权了，情况便更糟了。

    曾有专家指出，现行语文课本存在“四大缺失”，即经典的缺失、儿童视角的缺失、快乐的缺失和事实的缺失。依我看还有一个更重大的缺失。1960年安徽凤阳的武店公社有个医生叫王善生。彼时正值大饥荒，许多人患上了不寻常的恶疾，公社干部请王医生想想办法，他看了看，说治不了，因为“少了一味药。” 而那味药就是粮食。数十年后，在中国教育上也有一种恶疾久治不愈，原因也是少了一味药，这味药就是常识。常识！这才是最大的缺失。常识需要捍卫吗？当然需要。但在捍卫之前，先让我们正视常识，不践踏常识好吗？

    其实早在2003年，北京大学教授钱理群先生就曾出版了一本专著《语文教育门外谈》，书中第一篇就是《以“立人”为中心》。钱理群认为，“语文教育的过程，对学生听、说、读、写能力的培养，最终是要促进学生精神的健康成长，个性的健全发展，以此作为教育的出发点和归宿，而不是把学生培养成他人思想的奴隶，按他人的意志去说话、写作的工具。” 遗憾的是我们的教育似乎在往相反的方向走。我们目前的语文课程标准是将语文工具化，失去了人文性考量。其培养目标不是成为自我完善的公民，而是建设者——其象征是高度物化的“螺丝钉”。

    现在的小学语文教材，无论如何都应该放开控制，提供自由的出版舞台，让各种教育团体组织最优秀的文学家、教育家、心理学家、出版家和学识精深的优秀学者来共同编写。教育主管部门只需要组织专家委员会来对各类出版物进行公正合理的评估和推荐，而不是现在这样恰恰相反。政府该做什么不该做什么，于此尤然。

    今年出的新书《救救孩子：小学语文教材批判》一书的扉页，录了康德的一句名言：“父母在教育孩子时，通常只是让他们适应当前的世界——即使它是个堕落的世界。”确实，“适应”是一种广泛存在的现实，但好的老师要告诉孩子这个世界的“堕落”、何处堕落、为何堕落，否则就是自欺欺人！

   

本文综合了多篇高论，恕不一一注引。

    叶圣陶（1894—1988）我国当代著名教育家、文学家、编辑出版家和社会活动家、现代教育的一代宗师，对我国现代教材改革和发展做出了不可磨灭的贡献。他主张基础教育的目的是培养全面发展的合格公民。晚年多次指出，国家实现现代化，根本在教育，而教育的根本在小学；小学教师的辛勤劳动应得到全社会的尊重。